Atomizing nozzle



Patented Mar. 13, 1923.

"onrrn OFFICE vI-IARRYJI BINKS, OF RIVER FOREST, ILLINOIS.

ATOMIZING NOZZLE.

Application ledlAprl 15, 1920.

zen of the United' States, residing at RiverV Forest, in the county ofCook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new anduseful.Improvements inan Atomizing Nozzle; and I do hereby. declare thefollowing to be ya full,` clear, `and exact :description of theinvention, such vas will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains tol makeand use the same.

My invention relates to atomizers orspraying nozzles, its generalAobjects being those of providing a nozzle for distributing liquid intheform of a-very'linely divided spray or mist, for accomplishing L this.with only a slight .head or pressure ony the liquid which is to bedistributed, and for affording awide angle of distribution.

In: one of its vmore. particular aspect-s,my invention aims to .providea ysimple and effective nozzle adaptedto .operate under a small head ofthe liqui'dand to distribute the. same ina solid conical spray of anunusually wide angle,.asalso' to provide simple means for varying thedensity .of the spray (or the minuteness ofthe particles) it' desired,and for adjusting the effect of the actuating fluid'pressure. In anotheraspect, my invention aims toy provide a nozzle which` will not onlycompletely a-tomizea given liquid, but which will valso furnish anadditional air supply intermixed with the moisture or spray, thereby`alfording afnozzle particularly adapted'tor use :in the burning' ofoils.

In' another aspect, my invention aims to provide a two-fluid nozzlewhich will be un-v usually effective in operation, which can readily beconstructed from easily manufactured parts, and which will be easytoadjust and manipulate. Furthermore,'my inventionaims to provideasprayoratomizing nozzle adapted: to' be used with either two or threedifferent fluids. Still further and-more detailed objects Iwillvappearfrom the following specification and from the accompanying drawings inwhich drawings i Fig. 1 is an elevation of a nozzle embodying mylinvention.

Fig. 2 is a central and longitudinal section through the same.

Serial No.1374,010.

Figs. 8 and 4 are transversel sections taken respectively along thecorrespondingly nu1nbered lines of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a section similar` to `Fig. '2 but showing a .differentAmethod of supporting the inner tube.

-In some of its aspects, my invention isallied to'thetwo1riuidspray-nozzle` :disclosed in my copending application N o.870,391 on a two-fluid spray nozzle, as filed by mey on April 1, 1920.In this nozzleI employeda tubular casing having an inner tubesupportedby a partition extending across the bore of the casing, with the innertube,=the 1 partition and the tubular part yoi" the casing forming partsoffan integral casting. In practice, the coring required for making sucha casting represents considerable d-i'iliculty and leads to thespoiling` of =affgood many of the castings,thereby increasingthe cost.In my present-'invention I 'haveA provided a separable construction inwhich'the coring of the -main or body member is greatly simplified,andihavealso made -other changes which may also be desirableV in two*fluid nozzles of the general typek recitedin my said copendingapplication.,`

In the embodiment here'illustrated, the

nozzle of my invention includes a'tubular casing or body 1' havingperforated caps 2 and 3 threaded respectively 'upon its forward and rearends. Intermediate of its ends, the body 1 has an inwardly directedcollar 4, which slidab'ly -fits an'enlargement 5011 an inner tube 2O andwhich also affords an annular shoulder for engaginga collar (-6 on theexterior oi thisinner tube. Theshoulder formation withinthe main memberand-the collar on the inner' tube -desirablyUhave their adjacentfaces'rusto-conical so that one can seat tightly on the other to alfordasubstantially sealedjoint. Consequently,lwhen the inner tube isslippedinto position asshown in Fig. 2` the enlarged medial portion -5 of theinner tube will cooperate with the inner collar 4l of thefbody memberlin lalfording a partition across'the bore of this body. The said casing`or body lhas lateral inlets '7 and '8 leading to theportionsofifitslbore which are `disposed respectively `behind1 and"forward of the said transverse partition. -After the innerV tube hasthus been slipped'into position, it is desirably clamped firmly in placeby screwing up the forward cap 2 until this engages the forward end ofthe inner tube and forces the collar 6 against its seat. T hen the rearcap 3 is similarly attached, but desirably has a compressible washer 9interposed between it and the rear end of the inner tube to afford atight closure at this end of-the body member, which usually is the highpressure end.

Extending through the rear cap 3 and in axial alinement with the bore ofthe inner tube is a throttling member or valve member which is hereshown as comprising a tubular threaded stem 10 projecting rearwardly ofthe nozzle through the cap 3, and a head 11 disposed within the rearsection of the nozzle casing and tapered to match the flaring rear end21 of the bore 12 of the inner tube. Extending through this rear endportion of the inner tube are ports 13 which lead from the said taperingpart of the bore to the an` nular space between the inner tube and thebody 1 back of the transverse partition, or to the portion of the mainnozzle bore to which the high pressure fluid inlet 7 is connected. Theseports 1B desirably are inclined forwardly of the nozzle, so that theywill direct the entering fluid forwardly within the bore 12, and alsodesirably are substantially tangential of the bore of that part of theinner tube, so that the entering fluid will receive a rotationaltendency and will therefore be subjected to spiral advancement withinthe bore 12. I likewise provide ports 14 in the inner tube near theforward' end of the latter, which ports desirably are also inclinedforwardly of the nozzle and substantially tangential of the bore 12.These forward ports 14 afford inlets to the bore 12 for the liquidentering` through the inlet 8 and owing` to their disposition impart aforwardly advancing` spiral movement to such liquid. In practice, Idesirably arrange both sets of ports so that the rotation imparted'through fluid entering the same will be in the same direction. Then Iprovide the forward cap 2 with a mouth 15 in alinement with the bore 12,desirably larger in diameter and shaped according to the spraydistribution desired, so that the spirally advancing mixture of liquidand compressed fluid will be impacted against the bore of this mouth andbroken into a spray or mist.

In atomizing a liquid, this is connected to the inlet 8, while thecompressed air or steam is connected to the companion inlet 7. Then thestem 10 is unscrewed sufficiently to afford the desired clearancebetween the ta` pering head 11 and' the flaring rear end part of thebore of the inner tube, thereby permitting the high pressure fluid (suchas the compressed air or steam) to enter through the ports 13. When thusadmitted, this high pressure fluid will be spirally advanced within thebore of the inner tube, owing to the disposition of the ports 13, andconsequently will create a suction which will draw air through therelatively small bore 16 of the stem 10. Consequently, the air or steamadmitted through the inlet 7 will be augmented' by this supply of airand will be mixed with the liquid entering through the ports 14C, afterwhich the resulting mixture is impacted against the mouth 15 of the capand broken up into a fine spray.

By suitably proportioning the sizes of the ports and of the rear inletbore 16, I have found that I can produce an unusually line and uniformspray with only a moderate pressure of the air or steam, and with only aslight head of the liquid supplied through the inlet 8. I have alsofound that by moving the stem 10, I can adjust the admission of the highpressure fluid so as to compensate for any considerable variations inthe pressure of the latter, after which the said stem may be clamped inposition by a locknut 17. Moreover, by suitably shaping andproportioning the mouth 15 of the cap l can predetermine the desiredangle of distribution and can readily secure a relatively large angle ofdistribution, as for example a substantially homogeneous conical sprayover an angle of 750. Owing to the high degree of atomization and thewide angle of distribution, my nozzle is particularly effective both foruse in humidifying and for any other purposes where unusual diffusing isdesired. For example. when atomizing crude oil in this way, I obtain awide-angle spray or mist of the comparatively short length, such asheretofore has not been obtainable with any fair degree of atomization.Moreover, for such purposes as oil spraying, the supply of air drawnthrough the bore 16 (which bore is in substance a contraction of therear end of the effective bore of the nozzle) aids in maintainin thecombustion. The amount of the air tins drawn in may obviously be variedby varying the diameter of the contracted bore portion 16, and it willalsovvary with the pressure of the fluid admitted through the rear portsand thus utilized partly after the manner of an injector. Moreover, itwill be obvious that any desired fluid might thus be drawn in throughthe tubular stem 10, so that I do not wish to be limited to theinjecting of air through the rear end of the nozzle. Neither do I wishto be limited to the particular purposes above mentioned, nor to thedetails of the construction and arrangement as above disclosed, it beingobvious that various additions, omissions or changes might'be madewithout departing from the spirit of my invention.

For example, instead of providing the inner tube of my nozzle with acollar adapted to seat on a corresponding inward for- Y'mation in thetubular body of a casing, JI

the manner shown inFig. 55. With `either embodiment, it will be evidentthat the 'hollow stem :at the rear of'the nozzle, the mouth of theforward cap, and the inner tube cooperate in constituting a tubularmember having a contracted rear inlet and an enlarged forward outlet,and that this tubular member is equipped with inlets spacedlongitudinally of the same for respectively admitting the compressedfluid and the liquid which is to be sprayed or atomi'zed.

l? claim as my invention:

1. In a nozzle, a body, a tube therein having a bore the latter flaredat its rear end, one of said elements having an intermediate projectingportion engaging the other to afford a partition and to provide spacesbetween the body and tube, inlets leading into said spaces from oppositesides of the partition, a cap on one end of the body abutting theadjacent tube end and having an aperture in register with the tube bore,a cap on the opposite end of the body for pressing against the oppositetube end, and a stem carried by the last named 'cap and having a headtapered to correspond to the flared end of the bore, the tube havingports leading respectively from one of the spaces between the same andbody and into the flared end of the bore and between the opposite end ofthe bore and the other of said spaces.

2. A liquid distributing nozzle including tubularvmeans having ends eachin communication with the air and having longi tudinally spaced lateralinlets for a liquid and a compressed fluid, one of said ends of thetubular means being contracted in diameter.

3. A liquid distributingv nozzle including tubular means having endseach in communication 4with the air and having longitudinally spacedlateral inlets fora liquid and a compressed fluid, the rear one of saidends being contracted in -diameter and the forward one of said endsenlarged in diameter.

4. In a nozzle, a body, tubular means therein open to the air at bothends, and spaced inlets for a liquid and for a compressed fluid eachextending through the means and into the interior thereof.

5. In a nozzle, a body, tubular means therein having ends each open tothe air, and spaced inlets for a liquid and for a compressed fluid eachextending through the means and into the interior thereof and being eachdisposed to lie substantially tangential to the interior.

6. In a nozzle, tubular means having ends each open to the air, anadjustable compressed fluid inlet leading into the interior of saidmeans adjacent one end thereof 'to Vdraw lair into ithe latter, andaliquid inlet leading into .the 'interior-of: said fmeans adjacent theopposite .end lit-hereof.

7. vIn a sprayingor' fatomizing fnozz'le, a

:tube open at both ends,.and'means contracting 'the rear opening .of'theitube, Athe tube ha-vin'g :fluid inlet ports non-:radial y.thereof andsloping forwardly, and having nonradial liquid inlet ports disposed inadvance of the aforesaid po-rts.

8. A nozzle as per claim 7, in combination with means for controllingthe admission of fluid through the first named ports.

9. In a liquid distributing nozzle, a tubular member open at both endsand having lateral ports for admitting a compressed fluid and a liquid,and a second tubular member open at each end and operatively forming anextension of the aforesaid member and controlling the fluid-admittingports.

10. In a liquid distributing nozzle, a tubular member open at both endsand having its bore flared at its rear end, and having a fluid-admittingport in its said flared postion and a liquid-admitting port forwardlythereof, and a second tubular member open at each end and alined withthe aforesaid member and having a tapering part entering the flaringrear end of the bore of the first named member and movable with rcspectto the latter to control the fluid-admitting port.

11. In a liquid distributing nozzle, a casing having alined apertures atits front and rear ends, a tube within the casing in alinement with thesaid apertures and having inlets respectively arranged for admitting acompressed fluid and a liquid, and an auX- iliary tubular member open ateach end and movably mounted on the rear end of the casing andcontrolling the said fluid inlet.

12. In a nozzle, a member open at each end to the air and formed in twospaced parts, means to supply acompressed Huid to the space between saidparts to draw air into the means at one end, and means to supply liquidto the first means In advance of said space and rearwardly of theopposite end of the first means.

13. In a nozzle, tubular means open at each end to the air, means toadmit fluid to the interior of said means between the ends thereof andto simultaneously draw air into one end of the means to effect spiralmovement of the fluid and air, and means to admit liquid to the interiorof said means in advance of the second means andrearwardly of theopposite end of the tubular means to effect spiral movement thereof.

14. In a nozzle, a tube having a bore with tangential inlets leadingthereinto at point-s spaced longitudinally of the bore, and a'controlling member for one of the inlets disposed so that the latterimpacts fluid ad- Amitted thereto against the periphery of thecontrolling member and having` a bore open at each end and with one endcommunicating with the tube bore.

15. In a nozzle7 tubular means having ends each open to the air, meansto admit Huid to the interior of said means so as to draw air therewithinto the means and to effect spiral movement of the two, and means toadmit liquid to the tubular means at points in advance of the secondmeans and spaced there- 10 from to effect spiral movement thereof.

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, April 12th, 1920.

HARRY D. BINKS.

